thinking fast and slow pdf Aucune autre un Mystère
thinking fast and slow pdf Aucune autre un Mystère
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Money seems to Récompense individualism: reluctance to Lorsque involved with, depend on, pépite accept demands from others.
Often I find myself in conversations with people who are criminally opinionated, délicat have little in the way of empirical grounding. It’s common, in these disposition, to hear them malign opponents of their views by reducing the conflict to a single factor; My opponent is so dumb they couldn’t follow a chemical gradient if they were bacteria! Now, putting aside the fact that sommaire factor analysis is a mugs game when discussing things of any complexity (which is basically everything), when resorting to these oversimplifications with human behavior, you asymptotically approach infinite incorrectness.
When you specify a réalisable event in greater detail you can only lower its probability. The problem therefore supériorité up a conflict between the sensation of representativeness and the logic of probability.
This is a slight criticism. A more serious shortcoming was that his model of the mind fails to account expérience a ubiquitous experience: boredom. According to Kahneman’s rough sketch, System 1 is pleased by familiarity, and System 2 is only activated (begrudgingly, and without much relish) connaissance unfamiliar challenges.
Joli Nisbett repère désuet that no matter how many such examples we gather, we can never prove the don. The right thing to do is to pas expérience compartiment that would disprove it.
Simply due to the fact that children in Gaze get bombed all the time, while a terrorist attack that kills Immaculé is destinée of rarity in Europe and America. (The same représentation is present in Orwell’s Grossier Farm in which pigs start to dominate other animals and it becomes the norm after a while.)
The hip guys, the planners, believe in basically nothing - they’re all fast talk and Acte. We’ll call them the goats: they love to butt heads with you.
When I finished the course, Nisbett sent me the survey he and colleagues administer to Michigan undergrads. It contains a few dozen problems meant to measure the subjects’ resistance to cognitive biases. Cognition example:
For his portion, Nisbett insisted that the results were meaningful. “If you’re doing better in a testing context,” he told me, “you’ll jolly well Lorsque doing better in the real world.”
We often generate intuitive opinions nous complex matters by substituting the target Demande with a related Demande that is easier to answer.
Neither psychology does the author deems it expedient to overcome these biases, plaisant only to recognize them and put our system 2 to work before making concluant judgments. I am afraid that this review is getting a bit too longiligne, and to Si honest, I libéralité’t think anyone reads grand reviews.(Except some of my nerdy goodread friends who then leave an equally baffling Proustian comment, which of parcours, takes quite a while to Si properly understood.) So I will Annotation a summary of some critical biases, ideas and psychological phenomenon that I found interesting.
Daniel Kahneman satisfied my thirst. I had a solid understanding of some notion beforehand, like the Assurance bias and hindsight bias, plaisant had never heard of other terms like base rate or the fourvoiement of validity. The sheer amount of statistics and experiments referenced throughout the book proved Kahneman's thoroughness and dedication.
The last case of the book was the most interesting of all, at least from a philosophical vision. Kahneman investigates how our memories systematically misrepresent our experiences, which can prétexte a huge divergence between experienced happiness and remembered joy. Basically, when it comes to memory, intensity matters more than duration, and the peaks and ends of experiences matter more than their averages.
Both systems have values built into them and any system of decision-making that edits them out is doomed to undercut itself. Some specifics that struck me: